【科普中国智惠农民】揭开青塘粽子的致富“秘方”******
编者按:潺潺湫水河,青青芦苇荡,特殊的地理环境和历史文脉,铸就了前青塘村独特的风俗人情。根据《全国“一村一品”示范村镇认定监测管理办法(试行)》规定,农业农村部对已认定的全国“一村一品”示范村镇运行情况进行定期监测。监测数据经专家审核,初步确定全国乡村特色产业超十亿元镇超亿元村505个,山西省吕梁市临县安业乡前青塘村凭借“粽子”跻身榜单。前青塘村的“小粽子”到底有什么过人之处?粽子如何成为前青塘村的“大产业”?科普中国智惠农民本期《新农人致富路》栏目邀请到山西青塘食品有限公司董事长张侯文,请他来说说小产业如何“粽”出大幸福。
据《临县志》记载,从700多年前的元代起,前青塘村就开始种植粽叶、制作粽子,是远近闻名的粽子村。青塘粽子第八代非物质文化传承人、山西青塘食品有限公司董事长张侯文介绍,当时前青塘村里有一个寺院叫奉天寺,到了端午节,寺内的僧人就煮着吃粽子,村民们闻到了扑面而来的香气,顺着香气便寻到了粽子。此后,奉天寺把粽子的制作工艺流传到了前青塘村。
张侯文介绍,他的祖上继承了青塘粽子的工艺古法,父亲常常在临县范围内卖着粽子,但是一个端午节卖个十来天,只能挣些生活费。守着“金饭碗”,他决心要把产业做大。2011年,张侯文创办了一个“小作坊”,这成为了他事业的起步。2013年,通过引入抽真空、高温灭菌等现代技术,解决了粽子保质期的问题,用现代科技给粽子“安上了翅膀”。自此,青塘粽子销得更远,名声更大。
青塘粽子的礼盒包装背后,还有一段温情故事。张侯文介绍,包装上面的照片画的就是张侯文一家老少。“这是我爸我妈、我家姑娘、我外甥。这是2016年,我父母教孩子们包粽子的场景。”他认为,这样的照片背后,代表了一种传承,是老一代传给新一代手工技艺的传承。
在青塘粽子的包装上,还隐藏着一份设计理念。张侯文介绍,“三座山”,一座绿的、一座黄的、一座半绿半黄的。“绿色是指江米粽,寓意是绿水青山;黄色是指黄米粽,寓意是丰收;一半黄一半绿的是指两米粽,寓意是‘黄金搭档’。三座山合起来以后,组成一个元宝形状。在端午节期间用它馈赠亲友,寓意着送金银、送元宝、送财富。”张侯文介绍。
“坚持老传统,还原老味道,”是张侯文一直坚持的原则。“我们要把老一辈留下来的传统手工技艺和独特味道,让它一直延续下去,这就是青塘粽子在坚持的事业。”青塘粽子的制作工艺,每一道程序都是手工传承下来的。“几百年前怎么做,现在还是怎么做。”张侯文解释道。
先将米泡好、软化,将粽叶清洗、煮沸,便进入包制环节。在每一个粽子的头尖上,放一颗蜜枣,盖一部分米,中间再放两颗蜜枣,上面再盖一部分米,用粽叶合起来将其包裹,最后用马莲绳捆扎起来,便进入煮制环节。
煮制的时候,粽子必须尖对尾、尾对尖,一个一个摆放整齐入锅,拿篦子盖上,用重物压住。使粽子在煮的过程当中不被“翻腾”,避免米膨胀。煮制是最关键的环节,粽子好不好吃,全在火候。青塘粽子的煮制,要经过温火、小火、急火,急火、闷,整整10个小时。在10个小时的过程当中,火候要变4次,最终才能达到粽叶香、米香、马莲香、枣香四味融于一体。
一颗小小的青塘粽子,集合了山西省临县前青塘村农产品的“精华”,也承载了张侯文工匠家族祖祖辈辈的心血。现如今,前青塘村先后被评为“中国历史文化名村”“中国传统村落”“中国美丽休闲乡村”、中国“一村一品”示范村(粽子)、山西乡村旅游示范村。2021年,村集体经济收入首次突破百万元达到128万元,旅游收入达到600万元,村民人均收入首次突破10000元大关。
张侯文告诉记者,他的目标是要把前青塘村打造成“南有嘉兴、北有青塘”的中国北方粽子生产基地、中国特色古村落旅游胜地、山西名副其实的乡村振兴示范村和吕梁山上美丽宜居第一村。(记者/焦子原 武玥彤 支持单位/临县科协)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 百姓彩票地图 |